Chew KK, Bremner A, Stuckey B, Earle C, Jamrozik K (2009)

Is the relationship between cigarette smoking and male

erectile dysfunction independent of cardiovascular disease?

Findings from a population-based cross-sectional study.

J Sex Med

6:222

–

231.

Chitaley K, Wingard CJ, Clinton Webb R, Branam H, Stopper

VS, Lewis RW, Mills TM (2001) Antagonism of Rho-kinase

stimulates rat penile erection via a nitric oxide-independent

pathway.

Nat Med

7:119

–

122.

Dean RC, Lue TF (2005) Physiology of penile erection and

pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction.

Urol Clin North Am

32:379

–

395.

Demady DR, Lowe ER, Everett AC, Billecke SS, Kamada Y,

Dunbar AY, Osawa Y (2003) Metabolism-based inactivation

of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by components of

cigarette and cigarette smoke.

Drug Metab Dispos

31:932

–

937.

Elbendary MA, El-Gamal OM, Salem KA (2009) Analysis of

risk factors for organic erectile dysfunction in Egyptian

patients under the age of 40 years.

J Androl

30:520

–

524.

Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ,

McKinlay JB (1994) Impotence and its medical and

psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male

Aging Study.

J Urol

151:54

–

61.

Gades NM, Nehra A, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Girman CJ,

Rhodes T, Roberts RO, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ (2005)

Association between smoking and erectile dysfunction: a

population-based study.

Am J Epidemiol

161:346

–

351.

Ghalayini IFA-GM, Al-Azab R, Bani-Hani I, Matani YS,

Barham AE, Harfeil MN, Haddad Y (2010) Erectile

dysfunction in a Mediterranean country: results of an

epidemiological survey of a representative sample of men.

Int J Impot Res

22:196

–

203.

Giuliano FA, Leriche A, Jaudinot EO, de Gendre AS (2004)

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among 7689 patients

with diabetes or hypertension, or both.

Urology

64:1196

–

1201.

Guay AT, Perez JB, Heatley GJ (1998) Cessation of smoking

rapidly decreases erectile dysfunction.

Endocr Pract

4:23

–

26.

Guo X, Oldham MJ, Kleinman MT, Phalen RF, Kassab GS

(2006) Effect of cigarette smoking on nitric oxide,

structural, and mechanical properties of mouse arteries.

J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

291:H2354

–

H2361.

Harte CB, Meston CM (2008) Acute effects of nicotine on

physiological and subjective sexual arousal in nonsmoking

men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

J Sex Med

5:110

–

121.

Harte CB, Meston CM (2012) Association between smoking

cessation and sexual health in men.

BJU Int

109:888

–

896.

He J, Reynolds K, Chen J, Chen CS, Wu X, Duan X, Reynolds R,

Bazzano LA, Whelton PK, Gu D (2007) Cigarette smoking

and erectile dysfunction among Chinese men without clinical

vascular disease.

Am J Epidemiol

166:803

–

809.

Hidaka T, Hata T, Soga J, Fujii Y, Idei N, Fujimura N, Kihara

Y, Noma K, Liao JK, Higashi Y (2010) Increased leukocyte

rho kinase (ROCK) activity and endothelial dysfunction in

cigarette smokers.

Hypertens Res

33:354

–

359.

Kupelian V, Link CL, McKinlay JB (2007) Association between

smoking, passive smoking, and erectile dysfunction: results

from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey.

Eur Urol

52:416

–

422.

Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Esposito K (2014) Diabetes and

sexual dysfunction: current perspectives.

Diabetes Metab

Syndr Obes

7:95

–

105.

Mannino DM, Klevens RM, Flanders WD (1994) Cigarette

smoking: an independent risk factor for impotence?

J Epidemiol

140:1003

–

1008.

Mills TM, Chitaley K, Wingard CJ, Lewis RW, Webb RC

(2001) Effect of Rho-kinase inhibition on vasoconstriction

in the penile circulation.

J Appl Physiol

91:

1269

–

1273.

Miner M, Seftel AD, Nehra A, Ganz P, Kloner RA, Montorsi

P, Vlachopoulos C, Ramsey M, Sigman M, Tilkemeier P,

Jackson G (2012) Prognostic utility of erectile dysfunction

for cardiovascular disease in younger men and those with

diabetes.

Am Heart J

164:21

–

28.

Natali A, Mondaini N, Lombardi G, Del Popolo G, Rizzo M

(2005) Heavy smoking is an important risk factor for erectile

dysfunction in young men.

Int J Impot Res

17:227

–

230.

NIH Consensus Conference (1993) Impotence. NIH consensus

development panel on impotence.

JAMA

270:83

–

90.

Orosz Z, Csiszar A, Labinskyy N, Smith K, Kaminski PM,

Ferdinandy P, Wolin MS, Rivera A, Ungvari Z (2007)

Cigarette smoke-induced proin±ammatory alterations in the

endothelial phenotype: role of NAD(P)H oxidase activation.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

292:H130

–

H139.

Peluffo G, Calcerrada P, Piacenza L, Pizzano N, Radi R (2009)

Superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide and

peroxynitrite formation by tobacco smoke in vascular

endothelium: studies in cultured cells and smokers.

J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

296:H1781

–

H1792.

Pourmand GAM, Rasuli S, Maleki A, Mehrsai A (2004) Do

cigarette smokers with erectile dysfunction bene²t from

stopping?: a prospective study.

BJU Int

94:1310

–

1313.

Rajfer JAW, Bush PA, Dorney FJ, Ignarro LJ (1992) Nitric

oxide as a mediator of smooth muscle relaxation of the

corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic

noncholinergic neurotransmission.

N Engl J Med

326:

–

94.

Shabsigh R, Fishman IJ, Chum C, Dunn JK (1991) Cigarette

smoking and other vascular risk factors in vasculogenic

impotence.

Urology

38:227

–

231.

Shi L, Shu XO, Li H, Cai H, Liu Q, Zheng W, Xiang YB,

Villegas R (2013) Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol

consumption in association with incidence of type 2

diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.

PLoS

One

8:e77919.

Shiri R, Hakama M, Hakkinen J, Tammela TL, Auvinen A,

Koskimaki J (2005) Relationship between smoking and

erectile dysfunction.

Int J Impot Res

17:164

–

169.

2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

1091

Andrologia

2015,

, 1087–1092

J. R. Kovac

et al.

Smoking and male erectile function